Legislation that regulated land ten years ago requires a comprehensive update and systematic approach to the development of standards, rules and restrictions.The article substantiates the need to improve the legislative support of land management. The conceptual approach to the formation of normative legal support in the field of land management is proposed, which is based on the principles of systematicity, planning and optimality. This approach is based on the standardization and unification of types of land management documentation, taking into account the particularities of land use according to their main purpose. The distribution of land categories by main purpose in accordance with the Land Cadastre of Ukraine is shown, which should be the basis for the creation and improvement of standards and rules in land use. Scientific approaches are grounded, in accordance with the improved system of legislative support of land management, to the development, composition and content of the industry standard of the project of land management regarding the organization of the territory of scientific institutions, the lands of which are allocated for agricultural research and educational activities. Such standards must establish rules and regulations for the use of land for the intended purpose and uses, and must be taken into account when developing land use documentation standards.

The relevance of research is connected with the effective use of drained land in the face of climate change. Goal. To determine the optimum fertilizer system and to study its effectiveness on the fertility of sod-podzolic soil in short–term rotation: soybean – winter wheat – sunflower – buckwheat. Methods. Research was conducted in the field and performed within the framework of the three-year experiment. Yield was calculated by weighing method. The humus balance in the soil was performed according to the method of Lykov (1976). Results. During the vegetation periods of 2016–2019, the sunflower was the least responsive to the soil-air drought, which, on the recommended standard N60P60K90 background, combined with 40 t/ha of manure and the increased rate N90P90K135 and 4.0 tonnes of precursor by-products provided seed yield levels 2.3 and 2.4 t/ha respectively. The maximum harvest produce from 1 ha of crop rotation area is marked on a raised background (N62P84K96 + 3.3 tonnes of by-products) – 3.20 tonnes of grain units. Conclusions. An alternative fertilizer system (replacement of 10 tons of manure per 1 ha of arable land by 3.3 tons of byproducts on the mineral fertilizers background) provided a positive balance of nutrients and humus in short-term rotation. Prospects. Further scientific studies expect to reduce the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers that provided by the by-products plowing of all crops in rotation.

The article is researched and constructed on the basis of the use of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, which yielded valuable results. Key theoretical developments of the article are based on modern achievements, provisions and postulates of the environmental economics, applied research of the world and national level on the study of the recreational land use. The research was carried out on the basis of statistical and analytical data of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Geocadastre of Ukraine, State Committee of Statistics of Ukraine, Ministry of Economy of Ukraine, materials of scientific-practical conferences, symposia, seminars, authors own calculations. The assessment of recreational land is central to the natural and recreational potential of the area under investigation. They cover primarily geological and geomorphological recreation resources, climatic conditions, vegetation, water and land recreation resources, recreational resources of wildlife, and resources of educational tourism. The functional model of the cadastral valuation of the value of potentially suitable lands for recreation is developed and the scheme of the methodological process of cadastral valuation of the recreational potential of land and other natural resources is substantiated. The most important problems of recreational land use in Ukraine are ensuring a high quality of recreation, expanding the possibilities to use recreational land and resources that are closely linked to it, meeting the needs of people for communion with wildlife and recovering public health. However, the radical transformation of landscapes and the large-scale urbanization have led to a decrease in the recreational value of landscapes and thus to the formation of recreational zones on land of little use for other economic purposes. All of this has a negative impact on the quality of recreation, the variety of recreational activities and the ability to stay in the recreational sphere of landscapes that meet the need of the population for rest.

Agribusiness conditions in Ukraine are changing. Agricultural enterprises are actively restructured, change owners, attract investors and crisis managers. Management technologies that are currently used by most Ukrainian agricultural enterprises do not allow effective management decisions and create development plans that require objective and expeditious asset valuation, analytically sound performance data. This problem can be solved by creating a unified agribusiness management system which is based on advanced analysis methods and modern information technologies. The necessity to create a database of the land bank of enterprises with the ability to export information to the corporate system of enterprise management has been proved. Taking into account a number of criteria such as complexity, functionality and correlation price and quality, the following solutions were selected that enabled the creation of a flexible, complete and versatile agribusiness management system with the ability to modify it depending on changing needs. It is suggested to pay additional attention to the developers and to develop in each direction a software product aimed at development in the broadest sense of the production and macroeconomic social phenomenon. It is not just a land bank management but a land development, and it should form a geoinformation characteristic of the spatial basis by section, by legal status and by legal entities. The aforementioned analysis will form a spatial picture of basic lands, natural and economic assessment, environmental sustainability (buffering), toxicity and potential natural and economic yield. The introduction of modern technologies increases the control of the assets of companies, the transparency of processes and information management, reduces the risks of doing business been proved.

In the arOcle the normative-legal base on formation of land plots for construction and maintenance of buildings of educational institutions. It is established that the ability to obtain the right of permanent use of land granted to all without an exception educational institutions regardless of their form of ownership (previously, this right could only acquire higher education institutions), transfer for permanent use to the educational institutions of the land on which are located buildings and structures of such institutions is: the academic building, laboratories, dormitories, libraries and such. Also decided on the number of subjects in educational institutions include legal entities of public or private law the main activity of which is educational activities. The study was conducted on the example of the development of the land for teaching and Educational complex «Preschool educational establishment - General educational school No. 11» city of Tokmak of Zaporizhzhya region. Evaluated current use of lands of the city of Tokmak. We also study the category of land that can be transmitted to educational institutions for permanent use, in particular, of agricultural land and defense, as for other categories of land, the legislation does not contain mandatory rules as to the impossibility of their transfer for permanent use to educational institutions. Justified the procedure of formation of land plots for construction and maintenance of buildings of educational institutions.

Based on the fulfilled researches, it was found that the state land cadastre systems fullness with respect to the land cadastre objects envisaged by the legislation does not meet the modern needs, which does not allow state and local governmental bodies, individuals and legal entities to make management decisions at the appropriate levels. Two of the most difficult problems are the absence of institutions of scientific cadastre support among the cadastre institutions and the removal of territorial communities as consumers and customers of land cadastral information from the land cadastre. It is revealed that the cadastre information contains a large number of errors and inaccuracies, and its structure, organizational and legal frameworks, and information processes require significant improvement. In view of this, the authors present proposals to correct deficiencies in the functioning of the land cadastre system on the basis of complex scientific research of lands of institutions, organizations and enterprises of NAAS. These proposals include improvement of the methodology of the land cadastre maintenance, of the methods, rules, standards and classifiers used in land management and cadastre in current economic conditions; restoration of the state statistical report on land resources in the cadastre; development of information and analytical support for managing land resources at different levels through appropriate electronic offices; cadastre development as a basis for national geospatial data infrastructure. Particular attention is paid to the application of scientific principles in conducting the land cadastre (completeness, mirror image, trust, insurance, continuity, consent, publicity) in the light of world trends.

The state of legislative support as a basis for holding land auctions in Ukraine is analysed and the requirements for organizing and holding land auctions for creating, above all, conditions for their conducting on a competitive basis and in accordance with the economic interests of the state are found. In order to remedy the current situation, we collected, systematized and analysed statistical data on the conduct of land auctions during 2017-2019, the level of revenue for the right to lease or sell land, the effectiveness of the auction. It has been found that the purchase and sale of the right to lease land and land themselves through a land auction is a of selling them in the shortest possible time, but not at the best possible price. The not received funds for the right to lease or sell land during the period under review amounts to UAH 746 million 989 thousand, which is primarily indicative of the absence of financially viable buyers among Ukrainians. Against this background, problems with land bidding were identified, and proposals were made to address them.

The article identifies that land resources are not only the basis for the allocation of productive forces and the main means of production in agriculture, but also serve as an effective element of investment capital of agricultural enterprises – land capital. It is determined that in the existing institutional conditions, land resources do not create capital in agricultural production, which requires justification of mechanisms for involving them in economic circulation in order to provide investment support to the agricultural sector of the economy. This increases the importance of the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for the assessment and formation of land capital in Ukrainian agriculture. It is established that one of the key factors for the capitalization of agricultural lands is their objective assessment, which corresponds to the current economic conditions and reveals them as a source of capitalized income. Based on studies of the relationship between rental payments and land valuation, a disparity of these indicators has been identified in the majority of regions in Ukraine. As a result, the application of normative monetary valuation for determination of the value of land capital has been proven biased. It is determined that one of the ways of estimation and formation of land capital in agriculture, under the conditions of institutionally restricted regime of the law of supply and demand, is the capitalization of leased land. In this case, the value of land capital can be calculated as the product of the average annual rent for the land and the period of its capitalization. A promising area of research in the context of the analysis is to substantiate the process of transferring agricultural land to the balance sheet of the enterprise at the cost of capitalized rental payments.

The place and significance of land resources in the system of aviation transport have been researched. According to the analysis, aviation transport lands in the general structure of lands do not occupy significant positions (II cluster). But, if used effectively, these lands can be a factor in improving the financial performance of airports. It is shown that an important role in land use play economic levers as a set of assets that operate in the economic plane and operate for economic purposes. The possibilities and potential of economic instruments of regulation and characteristics of institutional support for the implementation of economic levers are research. The priorities of economic influence on the possibilities of use and protection of land of aviation transport have been formed. It is shown that it is important to account the interests of stakeholders and the ability of an objective approach to regulation when formulating land use policies.

The article analyzes the prospects for the development of monitoring of land relations, the principles of its operation and trends based on consciously selected indicators and scientifically sound methods. Reliable monitoring data are difficult to obtain in situations that exist in different areas, which are characterized by large areas and significant spatial and temporal characteristics. Proper use of these tools allows the information collected through monitoring activities to serve as a basis for assessing the level of quantitative and qualitative changes in the state of land resources and makes it possible to assess the positivity of these changes. One of the main problems is considered to be closed access to information on land relations, which allows, contrary to national and local public interests, officials and related individuals to use the land to their advantage. And this secrecy creates many problems. Emphasis is placed on the need to create an open, constantly updated database on the level of development of land relations, which will serve as an integrative information network for the subjects of monitoring, formation of forecast models and rational use of land. This will ensure transparency in management decisions in land relations and will focus efforts on improving land use and creating the conditions for effective management.

The new economic conditions and the emergence of Ukraine as an independent and sovereign state testify to the need to form a perfect basis for land relations. At the same time, their effective regulation, in order to ensure one of the basic norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, namely the safety of life of the population for present generations and future, is to improve the methodological foundations of the formation of land use defense. The choice and direction of the study are specified and stipulated. This is due to the fact, that one of the most problematic places is the allocation of defense lands for their intended purpose and functional use within this category. In particular, it does not take into account the multifunctionality of land use, the imposition on the category of lands of defense of agricultural and forestry land use. As well as ambiguity in determining the purpose of land and formulating functional use according to the existing classification. The object of the study is the process of forming land-use defenses. To achieve this goal, we used such research methods as systematic approach, monographic, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization and comparison, as well as abstract-logical. The feasibility of the distribution of defense lands by functional land use types (subtypes) substantiated during the study. A model of the methodological process of distribution of defense lands proposed, depending on the basic functions of land in society and on the defense-security, social, economic, environmental and technological public interests for establishing the regime (regulations) of land use. It recommended prioritize the types (subtypes) of land use within defense lands, in descending order, depending on the functions of the land in the development of society and the countrys defense capability. The proposed approach to the distribution of defense lands will allow them to carry out a scientifically sound classification of land use types (subtypes) and to form appropriate regimes for the use and protection of land and other natural resources. As well as imposing restrictions and burdens, this will ensure the safety of life of the population, both for present generations and for future ones.

Ukraine is at the next stage of completing land reform. Despite that, along with the adoption of independence, the country still remains having many unresolved and controversial land, environmental, water, and urban development issues that require additional government intervention. Incompleteness of land reform, in particularly some of the main issues, one of which is the formation of land use within the water protection zones and coastal protection zones of cities, creates a negative ecological environment, likewise, social tension in vital activity of population, especially for urban land use. Despite legislative prohibition, the construction continues within the water protection zones, as well as coastal protection zones of cities. In addition, restrictions on the use of land and other natural resources located in this territory are also not formed. That is, their spatial placement has a huge impact not only on environmental, land and water boundaries, but also on economic, social and legal (rights guarantee). As a result of the research, data from the public cadastral map of the State Service of Ukraine for geodesy, cartography and cadaster, and an extract from the planning restrictions scheme of the General Plan of Kyiv were used. The information base for the study was the legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine regarding the regulation of land, water and nature management, scientific works of worldwide and domestic scientists, material data of scientific and practical conferences. As a result, the authors established formation features of land use within the water protection zones, as well as coastlines in Kiev. The essence of land use within such areas consists in the fact, that it as an ecosystem, combines several lands of different purpose and functional use. In addition, urban land use within water protection zones, as well as protected coastal zones and coastlines, aside from environmental, legal, social, land relations, includes economic and water relations, appears to be an important aspects of the effective regulation of such land use. Due to that, the choice was made to study formation features of urban land use within water protection zones and coastal protection and coastlines – in order to ensure thorough land management and legal regulation of urban land use within the zones (strips) to increase the efficiency of its capitalization and greening.

The expediency of reviewing the bases of the classification of land in the category of defense substantiated. The classification of the land use of defense according to the degree of ecological and economic risk is determined. A logical and meaningful model of the methodological process of allocation of defense lands by types (subtypes), target and functional use is proposed. Land allocation should base on clearly defined target criteria, parameters and characteristics, the system of which determined by a specific subject area and the requirements of specific groups of land users.However, land redistribution must done according to the needs and interests of the people (society). After all, the earth, as a natural resource, depending on the value and availability of certain natural resources, performs the following functions [8]: the basis of human life, the source of satisfaction of its primary needs, the most important condition for the existence of changing human generations; • the basis of all existing biocenoses and the biosphere as a whole; • the main source of the aesthetic beauty and richness of the whole natural complex as a whole. In this regard, land use of defense must be classified by special and other modes of use and protection of land and other natural resources, by subtypes:

The relevance of research is connected with the effective use of drained land in the face of climate change. Goal. To determine the optimized fertilizer system and to study its effectiveness on the fertility of sod-podzolic soil in short-term rotation: soybean - winter wheat - sunflower - buckwheat. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results. During the vegetation periods of 2016-2019, the sunflower was the least responsive to the soil-air drought, which, on the recommended standard N60P60K90 background, combined with 40 t/ha of manure and the increased rate N90P90K135 and 4.0 tonnes of precursor by-products provided seed yield levels 2.3 and 2.4 t/ha respectively. The maximum harvest produce from 1 ha of crop rotation area is marked on a raised background (N62P84K96 + 3.3 tonnes of by-products) - 3.20 tonnes of grain units. Conclusions. An alternative fertilizer system (replacement of 10 tons of manure per1 ha of arable land by 3.3 tons of by-products on the mineral fertilizers background) provided a positive balance of nutrients and humus in short-tecropm rotation. Prospects. Further scientific studies expect to reduce the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers that provided by the by-products plowing of all crops in rotation.

Annotation. Ukraine is at the next stage in completing land reform. Despite that, country gained independence, and still there are many unresolved and controversial land, environmental, water, urban development issues requiring additional state intervention. Incompleteness of land reform, in particularly some of the most important issues, one of which is the formation of land use within the water protection zones and coastal protection zones of cities, creates a negative ecological environment. And likewise, social tension in vital activity of population, especially for urban land use. In despite of the legislative ban, the construction within the water protection zones, coastal protection zones of cities continues. In addition, restrictions on the use of land and other natural resources located in this territory are also not formed. That is, their spatial placement has a huge impact not only on environmental, land and water relations, but also on economic, social and legal (rights guarantee). As a result of the study, was used data from the public cadastral map of the State Service of Ukraine for geodesy, cartography and cadastre, and an extract from the planning restrictions scheme of the General Plan of Kyiv. The information base for the study was the legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine regarding the regulation of land, water and nature management, scientific works of world and domestic scientists, materials of scientific and practical conferences. As a result, the authors established formation features of land use within the water protection zones and coastal protection and coastal stripes of the city of Kiev. The essence of land use within such zones (strips) consist in the fact, that is as an ecosystem, combines several steeds of different purpose and functional use. In addition, urban land use within water protection zones, coastal protection zones and coastal strips, except environmental, legal, social, land relations, includes economic and water relations, which appears to be an important aspects in the effective regulation of such land use. Due to that, the choice was made to study formation features of urban land use within water protection zones and coastal protection and coastal strips. In order to ensure through land management and legal regulation of urban land use within the zones (strips) to increase the efficiency of its capitalization and greening.

The article is researched and constructed on the basis of the use of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, which yielded valuable results. Key theoretical developments of the article are based on modern achievements, provisions and postulates of the environmental economics, applied research of the world and national level on the study of the recreational land use.

In the article the normative-legal base on formation of land plots for construction and maintenance of buildings of educational institutions, in particular, it analyses the Law of Ukraine «About education» from 05.09.2017 year. It is established that the ability to obtain the right of permanent use of land granted to all without an exception educational institutions regardless of their form of ownership (previously, this right could only acquire higher education institutions), transfer for permanent use to the educational institutions of the land on which are located buildings and structures of such institutions is: the academic building, laboratories, dormitories, libraries and such. Also decided on the number of subjects in educational institutions include legal entities of public or private law the main activity of which is educational activities. The study was conducted on the example of the development of the land for teaching and Educational complex «Preschool educational establishment - General educational school No. 11» city of Tokmak of Zaporizhzhya region. Evaluated current use of lands of the city of Tokmak. We also study the category of land that can be transmitted to educational institutions for permanent use, in particular, of agricultural land and defense, as for other categories of land, the legislation does not contain mandatory rules as to the impossibility of their transfer for permanent use to educational institutions. Justified the procedure of formation of land plots for construction and maintenance of buildings of educational institutions.

Agribusiness conditions in Ukraine are changing. Agricultural enterprises are actively restructured, change owners, attract investors and crisis managers. Management technologies that are currently used by most Ukrainian agricultural enterprises do not allow effective management decisions and create development plans that require objective and expeditious asset valuation, analytically sound performance data. This problem can be solved by creating a unified agribusiness management system which is based on advanced analysis methods and modern information technologies. The necessity to create a database of the land bank of enterprises with the ability to export information to the corporate system of enterprise management has been proved. Taking into account a number of criteria such as complexity, functionality and correlation price and quality, the following solutions were selected that enabled the creation of a flexible, complete and versatile agribusiness management system with the ability to modify it depending on changing needs. It is suggested to pay additional attention to the developers and to develop in each direction a software product aimed at development in the broadest sense of the production and macroeconomic social phenomenon. It is not just a land bank management but a land development, and it should form a geoinformation characteristic of the spatial basis by section, by legal status and by legal entities. The aforementioned analysis will form a spatial picture of basic lands, natural and economic assessment, environmental sustainability (buffering), toxicity and potential natural and economic yield. The introduction of modern technologies increases the control of the assets of companies, the transparency of processes and information management, reduces the risks of doing business been proved.

The state of legislative support as a basis for holding land auctions in Ukraine is analysed and the requirements for organizing and holding land auctions for creating, above all, conditions for their conducting on a competitive basis and in accordance with the economic interests of the state are found. In order to remedy the current situation, we collected, systematized and analysed statistical data on the conduct of land auctions during 2017-2019, the level of revenue for the right to lease or sell land, the effectiveness of the auction. It has been found that the purchase and sale of the right to lease land and land themselves through a land auction is a of selling them in the shortest possible time, but not at the best possible price. The not received funds for the right to lease or sell land during the period under review amounts to UAH 746 million 989 thousand, which is primarily indicative of the absence of financially viable buyers among Ukrainians. Against this background, problems with land bidding were identified, and proposals were made to address them.

The article identifies that land resources are not only the basis for the allocation of productive forces and the main means of production in agriculture, but also serve as an effective element of investment capital of agricultural enterprises – land capital. It is determined that in the existing institutional conditions, land resources do not create capital in agricultural production, which requires justification of mechanisms for involving them in economic circulation in order to provide investment support to the agricultural sector of the economy. This increases the importance of the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for the assessment and formation of land capital in Ukrainian agriculture. It is established that one of the key factors for the capitalization of agricultural lands is their objective assessment, which corresponds to the current economic conditions and reveals them as a source of capitalized income. Based on studies of the relationship between rental payments and land valuation, a disparity of these indicators has been identified in the majority of regions in Ukraine. As a result, the application of normative monetary valuation for determination of the value of land capital has been proven biased. It is determined that one of the ways of estimation and formation of land capital in agriculture, under the conditions of institutionally restricted regime of the law of supply and demand, is the capitalization of leased land. In this case, the value of land capital can be calculated as the product of the average annual rent for the land and the period of its capitalization. A promising area of research in the context of the analysis is to substantiate the process of transferring agricultural land to the balance sheet of the enterprise at the cost of capitalized rental payments.

The place and significance of land resources in the system of aviation transport have been researched. According to the analysis, aviation transport lands in the general structure of lands do not occupy significant positions (II cluster). But, if used effectively, these lands can be a factor in improving the financial performance of airports. It is shown that an important role in land use play economic levers as a set of assets that operate in the economic plane and operate for economic purposes. The possibilities and potential of economic instruments of regulation and characteristics of institutional support for the implementation of economic levers are research. The priorities of economic influence on the possibilities of use and protection of land of aviation transport have been formed. It is shown that it is important to account the interests of stakeholders and the ability of an objective approach to regulation when formulating land use policies.

The article analyzes the prospects of development of land relations monitoring, principles of its functioning and tendencies on the basis of consciously selected indicators and scientifically sound methods. Reliable monitoring data is difficult to obtain in situations existing in different areas characterized by large areas and significant spatial and temporal characteristics. Proper use of these tools allows the information collected through monitoring activities to serve as a basis for assessing whether resource conditions are changing or not and whether these changes are desirable. One of the main problems is considered - the closed access to the information on land relations, which allows against the national and local public interests, officials and related selfish intentions to use the land for their own interests. And this closure raises many problems. Emphasized on the creation of an open, constantly updated database on land relations, which will become an integrated information network for monitoring entities, will provide a new level of transparency, local decision-making awareness. This will provide a new level of transparency in land relations and will focus on improving land use and creating the conditions for effective governance.